Evaluation of public awareness of issues relating to firewood movement and the exotic emerald ash borer in Michigan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The exotic emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) was first identified in Michigan in 2002 and has killed millions of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) there and in surrounding states. A key goal in management of emerald ash borer is to reduce the insect’s artificial spread to new locations through its movement in firewood. The movement of firewood is now regulated in some infested states, as well as in some uninfested ones. Inspections of firewood in state and federally operated campgrounds have revealed that ash firewood is still being used and is likely being moved around Michigan. Public education campaigns have been implemented to inform people about emerald ash borer and the associated firewood regulations. These educational programs use fliers, billboards, radio and television advertisements, newspaper articles, and television documentaries, and other media. During the summer of 2006, two types of questionnairebased surveys were conducted at state park campgrounds throughout Michigan to (1) determine public awareness of the regulations associated with the movement of firewood, ( 2) determine any demographics that influence a patron’s knowledge about the firewood regulations, and (3) identify the components of the educational program that are reaching the most campground patrons. The first type of questionnaire was distributed at selected state parks and self-administered by campground patrons. The second type of questionnaire was administered by a researcher at selected state parks. Based on the results of the researcher-administered questionnaires, approximately one-quarter of campground patrons bring their own firewood with them, and of these about one-quarter travel over 200 miles to camp. Most campground patrons (95%) are aware that there are regulations relating to the movement of firewood, and when asked if they had heard of emerald ash borer, almost 91% indicated that they had. The researcher-administered surveys also revealed that patrons are hearing about emerald ash borer and the firewood regulations through educational outreach programs. The results of these questionnairebased surveys will help focus future efforts on the outreach methods that are apparently the most effective in educating the public about emerald ash borer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".