Sex‐dependent spatial structure of telomere length in a wild long‐lived scavenger
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Sex‐related divergences in many phenotypic traits, such as morphology, physiology, and behavior, have widely been described in animals. These asymmetries may adapt the sexes to different subniches, but also may produce sex‐specific optima for life‐history traits, as well as different costs. In birds, long movements in search of food and intraspecific competition may entail important metabolic costs that can be predicted to be unequal if both sexes perform somehow differently. However, the extent to which sex‐specific individual movements, foraging strategies and social dominance relationships are correlated with physiological costs has rarely been evaluated. The effects of prolonged exposure to stressors can be mirrored in accelerated cellular damage and aging as well as in the by‐products resulting from the activation of the stress response machinery. Both indicators, measured as telomere length and the concentration of feather corticosterone ( CORT f ), respectively, would reflect physiological costs at different time frames. Here, on the basis of information provided by GPS ‐tagged Andean condors, a sexually dimorphic scavenger with a highly despotic social system, we determined whether sex‐specific movement patterns correlated to variation in telomere length and CORT f levels. We found a striking pattern of spatial structure of telomere length that was, in addition, sex‐specific; males breeding farther from feeding grounds exhibited longer telomeres, while the opposite pattern was found in females. Nevertheless, telomere length was not related to the range of movements performed by condors. We also found that females displayed higher CORT f values than males, regardless of the location of their nests, which is likely related to social dominance hierarchy and sexual size dimorphism. Sex‐specific optima for trade‐offs associated with ecological factors might underlie the fact that populations are spatially structured from a telomere‐length perspective, which has never been described before.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".