Effects of peatland size and exposure on two species of Diptera inhabiting the pitcher plant<i>Sarracenia purpurea</i>L.<sup>1</sup>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We explore how broad-scale landscape structure (size and exposure of peatlands) influences mosquitoes (Wyeomyia smithii [Coq.]) and midges (Metriocnemus knabi Coq.) that inhabit the pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea L.) in coastal peatlands. After accounting for fine-scale (pitcher volume, water volume, detritus) and medium-scale variables (distance to peatland edge, plant density), we show that incidence and abundance of both species decrease with peatland size, but more so in peatlands surrounded by vegetation less than 2 m tall. As peatland size increases, more pitchers experience extinction of midges (but not mosquitoes) over winter, but only in peatlands surrounded by vegetation less than 2 m tall. The density of mosquitoes (but not midges) in the spring was positively related to incidence in the fall (after emergence and oviposition). There was no relationship between the cardinal orientation of the edge and incidence in either species. In a variance components analysis, maximum variance is explained at the scale of the leaf for both species, but mosquitoes show peaks in additional variance at scales broader than midges. Collectively the results suggest that broad-scale forces (interactions between demography and landscape) structure these populations at different spatial scales. We emphasize that landscape studies must be performed at sufficiently broad spatial and long temporal scales in order to capture the full range of dynamics of any system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".