Oil diffusion properties of acoustic foams for oil contaminated water treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Synthetic open-cell polymer foams are promising materials for the treatment of oil sands process-affected water due to their oleophilic and hydrophobic properties. This paper presents the characterization of inexpensive and accessible polyester polyurethane foam for this application. The kinetics and adsorption equilibrium of emulsified oil onto the polymer adsorbent were studied at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 40°C and oil volume fractions in oil-in-water emulsions of 3% and 10%. The data were found to be well described by a sequential dual Fickian (SDF) model of diffusion in composite polymers. The model assumes two diffusion stages driven by different mechanisms, surface diffusion and clustering. In the first stage, at 30°C and 40°C, the diffusion coefficient increased with the concentration gradient, suggesting Fickian chemical or surface diffusion. The improved mass uptake at corresponding temperatures was attributed to the surface wetting and bonding between oil molecules and polymer. In the second stage, substantially low diffusivities and fractional mass uptakes were due to Fickian physical diffusion or clustering. In this stage, the mass uptake was a cumulative result of the clustering of emulsion molecules in the polymer voids, newly formed sites from swelling, and creeping of a low-viscosity crude.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".