Primary succession pathway of Norway spruce communities on land-uplift seashores
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rising Gulf of Bothnia coastlines provide sequences of primary succession. This paper, based on data from transects in northeast Sweden (63º 51’ N, 20º 43’ E), elucidates the pathway of Norway spruce community succession on ground-moraine seashores. We studied spatial and temporal variation in depth of surface organic layer, cover of field layer and bottom layer, density of spruce categories from current seedlings to mature and dead spruce, and diversity changes. We found that field layer declines in cover while bottom layer increases in cover and that field and bottom layers and spruce category diversity show unimodal trends with time of succession. Modal diversity occurred after 100 to 200 years for field- and bottom-layer types and after 200 to 230 years for spruce categories. We also found that spruce seedlings are able to colonize after only 30 to 40 years of succession (25 to 35 cm above mean sea level), that spruce category size increases with time of succession, and that spruce mortality occurs both among small-sized trees at earlier stages and among larger-sized trees at later stages approaching old-growth conditions. We present successional stages of field- and bottom-layer types, and of spruce categories, developed from TWINSPAN analyses and models of organic layer depth development over time.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".