Flower and fruit herbivory in a population of<i>Centaurea scabiosa</i>(Asteraceae): Importance of population size and isolation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AbstractEffects of size and isolation of Centaurea scabiosa (Asteraceae) populations on herbivory level in flower heads were examined in eight populations of 2,280-44,441 flower heads, each population being separated by 1 to 8 km from the others. Three common flower head herbivores were observed. Two of these (Cerajocera ceratocera [Diptera: Tephritidae] and Isocolus cf. rogenhoferi [Hymenoptera: Cynipidae]) were specialists, and the third (Eucosma cana [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae]) was a generalist on the subfamily Cynaroiideae to which C. scabiosa belongs. All three species increased their herbivory level with size of host plant population. We compared the explanatory power of three measures of population isolation: 1) the traditional measure of distance to nearest-neighbour population, 2) cumulative proximity of all surrounding populations, and 3) a measure termed biological proximity, combining the effects of distance to other populations and their size. Both 2) and 3) explained surprisingly little of the observed herbivory. Thus population size and distance to nearest-neighbour population were the two best predictors of level of herbivory.RésuméNous avons examiné les effets de la taille et de l'isolement de populations de Centaurea scabiosa (Asteraceae) sur l'intensité de broutement des capitules. Nous avons étudié huit populations de centaurées composées de 2280 à 44 441 capitules, chaque population étant distante de 1 à 8 km des autres. Trois espèces d'insectes herbivores qui se nourrissent de capitules ont aussi fait l'objet d'observations. Deux d'entre elles, Cerajocera ceratocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) et Isocolus cf. rogenhoferi (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), sont des espèces spécialistes, alors que la troisième, Eucosma cana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), est une espèce généraliste qui se nourrit de capitules de plantes de la sous-famille des Cynaroiideae dont fait partie C. scabiosa. L'intensité de broutement des trois espèces a augmenté avec la taille de la population de la plante hôte. Nous avons comparé la puissance explicative de trois mesures d'isolement des populations : 1) la mesure habituelle de la distance séparant une population de la population voisine la plus proche, 2) la proximité cumulée de toutes les populations environnantes, et 3) une mesure appelée proximité biologique, qui combine les effets de la distance par rapport aux autres populations et la taille. Curieusement, les mesures d'isolement 2) et 3) n'expliquent qu'une faible proportion du broutement observé. La taille de la population et la distance par rapport à la population voisine la plus proche constituent les deux meilleures mesures permettant de prédire l'intensité de broutement.Key Words: Centaurea scabiosaCynipidaeFruit herbivoryPopulation distancePopulation isolationTortricidaeTephritidaeMots-clés: Centaurea scabiosaCynipidaeBroutement de fruitsDistance entre populationsIsolement de populationsTortricidaeTephritidaeHansen1981Lyneborg1965
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".