A paradox of three decades of neoliberal economic reforms in Ghana: a tale of economic growth and uneven regional development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thirty years of neoliberalization in Ghana is an enigma. On the one hand it is associated with sustained economic growth and decline in the national incidence of poverty, and on the other hand it is characterized by uneven regional development that concentrates growth in historically favored regions and leaves persistently high levels of poverty in certain regions. Informed by primary and secondary research, the paper interprets this enigma as inextricably tied to the reestablishment of incentives and benefits in favor of external capital and particular regional/territorial divisions of labor and capital under neoliberal market reforms. Neoliberalization is portrayed as highlighting capitalism’s opposing tendencies of primarily reinforcing the historical concentration of capital and socioeconomic advantage in the Greater Accra and Ashanti Regions, while sustaining the concentration of poverty in the northern regions, and yet to some degree, dispersing capital and socioeconomic benefits to other regions, and reconfiguring broad patterns of uneven regional development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".