Analysis of movement and the consequence for metapopulation structure of the forked fungus beetle, Bolitotherus cornutus Panzer (Tenebrionidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AbstractThe objectives of this study were to examine the movement abilities of the different sexes and the teneral and adult stages of the forked fungus beetle, Bolitotherus cornutus Panzer (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), to look at whether the beetles move by walking or flying over the scale examined, and to determine the spatial extent of the local or sub-population in a metapopulation context. The capture-mark-recapture method was used within an experimental model system constructed of 90 patches of logs hosting the fungus Fomes fomentarius and covering 900 m2. Recapture of released beetles did not differ among the groups released, and the analysis revealed that both sexes moved in a similar fashion. Adults moved more often and further than tenerals over the first 28 days of each release. Movement of all individuals was confined to an area roughly 50 m in radius. A percentage of both adults and tenerals had their elytra glued to test for flight in this species. No differences in movement frequency and distance were detected between glued and non-glued individuals. Over 4,000 trapnights of flight intercept trap data, as well as 15 days over which logs were suspended above the ground, failed to show any evidence of beetle flight. We conclude that i) flight is not an important mode of movement over the spatial scale examined, ii) adult beetles move further and more often than tenerals, iii) most movement is confined to an area of 50 m radius near the release point. Implications for the forked fungus beetle population and metapopulation structured are discussed.RésuméNous avons examiné les déplacements des adultes et des individus ténéraux mâles et femelles du coléoptère Bolitotherus cornutus Panzer (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) pour déterminer s'ils se déplacent au sol ou par voie aérienne et pour circonscrire le domaine occupé par une population. Les individus ont été capturés, marqués et recapturés au sein d'un système expérimental constitué de 90 agglomérats de billots abritant le champignon Formes fomentarius répartis sur une superficie de 900 m2. Le taux de recapture n'était pas différent selon les groupes, et les deux sexes se déplaçaient de façon similaire. Toutefois, les adultes se déplaçaient davantage et sur de plus longues distances que les individus ténéraux au cours des 28 premiers jours qui suivaient le relâchement des coléoptères après leur capture. De plus, les individus ne se déplaçaient guère au-delà d'un rayon de 50 m. Nous avons collé les élytres de plusieurs adultes et individus ténéraux pour déterminer si cela a un effet sur les déplacements par voie aérienne. Or, nous n'avons détecté aucune différence à cet égard entre les individus aux élytres collés et ceux sans colle. Nous avons aussi tenté d'intercepter au vol les coléoptères grâce à un effort d'échantillonnage de plus de 4000 pièges-nuits et en plaçant des pièges près de billots suspendus pendant 15 jours, mais nos tentatives ont été infructueuses. Nous concluons donc que i) le vol ne représente pas un moyen de déplacement important chez Bolitotherus cornutus, du moins à l'échelle spatiale étudiée, ii) les adultes se déplacent davantage et plus loin que les individus ténéraux et iii) ces coléoptères ne se déplacent pas au-delà d'une distance de 50 m de leur point de capture. Nous terminons cet article par une discussion sur les implications de ce travail sur la dynamique des populations et métapopulations de ce coléoptère.Key Words: Forked fungus beetleBolitotherus cornutusMovementExperimental studyMetapopulation structureMots-clés:: ColéoptèreBolitotherus cornutusDéplacementétude expérimentaleStructure d'une métapopulation
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".