Analysis of movement and the consequence for metapopulation structure of the forked fungus beetle, Bolitotherus cornutus Panzer (Tenebrionidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to examine the movement abilities of the different sexes and the teneral and adult stages of the forked fungus beetle, Bolitotherus cornutus Panzer (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), to look at whether the beetles move by walking or flying over the scale examined, and to determine the spatial extent of the local or sub-population in a metapopulation context. The capture-mark-recapture method was used within an experimental model system constructed of 90 patches of logs hosting the fungus Fomes fomentarius and covering 900 m2. Recapture of released beetles did not differ among the groups released, and the analysis revealed that both sexes moved in a similar fashion. Adults moved more often and further than tenerals over the first 28 days of each release. Movement of all individuals was confined to an area roughly 50 m in radius. A percentage of both adults and tenerals had their elytra glued to test for flight in this species. No differences in movement frequency and distance were detected between glued and non-glued individuals. Over 4,000 trapnights of flight intercept trap data, as well as 15 days over which logs were suspended above the ground, failed to show any evidence of beetle flight. We conclude that i) flight is not an important mode of movement over the spatial scale examined, ii) adult beetles move further and more often than tenerals, iii) most movement is confined to an area of 50 m radius near the release point. Implications for the forked fungus beetle population and metapopulation structured are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".