Branch growth and allocation patterns of saplings of two Abies species under different canopy conditions in a subalpine old-growth forest in central Japan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AbstractBranch growth and biomass allocation of saplings of two Abies species under three different canopy conditions (evergreen coniferous Abies canopy, deciduous broad-leaved Betula canopy, and canopy gaps) were examined in a subalpine old-growth forest in the northern Yatsugatake Mountains, central Japan. Both A. mariesii and A. veitchii saplings showed similar morphological plasticity: saplings growing in gaps had conical crowns, whereas those under evergreen and deciduous canopies had umbrella-shaped crowns. Both Abies species grew more in stem diameter than in stem height under evergreen and deciduous canopies. Under evergreen and deciduous canopies, A. veitchii saplings invested more biomass in stems and less in leaves and branches than did A. mariesii. The mean longevity of leaves and branches of A. veitchii saplings was shorter than that of A. mariesii saplings under evergreen and deciduous canopies. These results suggest that A. veitchii saplings have an efficient umbrella-shaped crown for light interception and invest relatively little biomass in leaves and branches compared with A. mariesii saplings in shaded conditions. However, branch mortality of A. veitchii saplings may be higher, because the species’ high leaf area ratio and specific leaf area may increase its susceptibility to herbivory and disease and also because the slender branches of A. veitchii saplings would be more likely to break under the weight of snow. The growth strategy of A. mariesii in shade is considered persistent, while that of A. veitchii saplings emphasizes height growth.RésuméNous avons étudié la croissance des branches et l’allocation de la biomasse chez les gaules de deux espèces de sapins dans les conditions suivantes : sous couvert de sapins, sous couvert de bouleaux et dans des clairières. L’étude s’est déroulée dans une vieille forêt subalpine du nord des montagnes Yatsugatake, dans le centre du Japon. Les gaules de Abies mariesii et de A. veitchii font preuve d’une plasticité morphologique similaire : celles qui croissent dans les clairières ont une couronne conique, alors que celles qui poussent sous couvert de sapins ou de bouleaux adoptent une forme de parapluie. Sous couvert, les tiges des deux espèces de sapins croissent plus rapidement en diamètre qu’en hauteur. Sous les conifères et les bouleaux, les gaules de A. veitchii investissent davantage de biomasse dans les tiges et moins dans les feuilles et les branches, au contraire de A. mariesii. La longévité des feuilles et des branches des gaules de A. veitchii est plus courte que celle des gaules de A. mariesii sous couvert arborescent. En conditions ombragées, la couronne en forme de parapluie des gaules de A. veitchii leur permet vraisemblablement d’intercepter efficacement la lumière, et ce, même s’ils investissent moins de biomasse dans les feuilles et les branches que les gaules de A. mariesii. Toutefois, la mortalité des branches pourrait être plus grande chez A. veitchii, parce que les valeurs élevées du rapport de la surface foliaire et de la surface foliaire spécifique chez cette espèce peuvent augmenter sa vulnérabilité face aux herbivores et à la maladie. En outre, les branches minces de cette espèce sont plus susceptibles de se briser sous le poids de la neige. La stratégie de croissance sous couvert de A. mariesii est considérée comme persistante, alors que celle de A. veitchii s’appuie davantage sur la croissance en hauteur.Key Words: Deciduous canopyCanopy gapSapling bankUmbrella-shaped crownBranch ageMots-clés:: Couvert d’arbres décidusClairièreGaulisCouronne en forme de parapluieâge des branches
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".