Changes in midge (Diptera: Chironomidae) populations of sub-arctic supratidal vernal ponds in response to goose foraging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Grubbing and grazing by lesser snow geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens) have led to loss of terrestrial vegetation and changes in the hydrology, chemistry and biology of shallow vernal ponds in a supratidal marsh at La Pérouse Bay, Manitoba, on the Hudson Bay coast. Chironomid populations in ponds have been examined because they are an important food source for ducks and shore birds, and are also widely used as ecological indicators of change. Seventy ponds were sampled during the summers of 1996 and 1997. They were located within a densely vegetated freshwater area, a relatively undamaged salt marsh and a degraded salt marsh where loss of vegetation had occurred as a result of goose foraging. Principal Components Analysis indicated that of 21 environmental descriptors, salinity was the primary gradient distinguishing ponds. Ponds in the degraded marsh that dried out early were the most saline (8 to 30‰) and those in the freshwater area the least saline (< 2‰). Densities of chironomids approached 22 000 m-2 with the highest numbers recorded from salt-marsh ponds. Estimated chironomid biomass in all ponds ranged between 0.7 and 9.0 g dry wt m-2 which reflected differences in species composition of ponds. Freshwater ponds contained seven species from six genera of which five did not occur in the other two habitats. Ponds in the undamaged salt marsh contained five species from five genera of which two were restricted to the area, while only the large-bodied Cricotopus (Isocladius) sp., most likely ornatus, was representative of ponds in the degraded salt marsh.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".