Basic physiology of the intranasal trigeminal system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The trigeminal nerve is the fifth cranial nerve and is the main structure responsible for the sensitive innervation of the face. One of its functions is to provide perceptions arising from the contact of molecules with the oral and the nasal mucosa. This represents a third chemosensory system, next to olfaction and gustation, and is called chemosensory trigeminal system, or shorter, trigeminal system. Trigeminal sensations such as burning, cooling, stinging, etc., arise from the activation of specific receptors in the periphery of the trigeminal system, located in the nasal and oral mucosa. These receptors are activated by a multitude of chemical substances, as most of the odorants we smell also activate the trigeminal system, at least in higher concentrations. The trigeminal and the olfactory system are therefore intimately connected, especially as interactions between both sensory systems extend well beyond sharing stimuli. Next to peripheral interactions, both sensory systems share central processing units explaining the large extent of mutual enhancement and suppression. While the intimate connection between both sensory systems is fascinating, it complicates the evaluation of the trigeminal sense, which is nevertheless necessary in order to understand its mechanisms, for both fundamental and applied researchers
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".