The effects of goose herbivory and loss of vegetation on ground beetle and spider assemblages in an Arctic supratidal marsh
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During the last two decades loss of vegetation in a supratidal marsh as a result of the foraging activities of lesser snow geese has led to considerable habitat heterogeneity at La Pérouse Bay, Manitoba. Most sites within the marsh are devoid of vegetation, and organic-rich saline sediments are exposed. The loss has affected soil invertebrate assemblages, particularly spiders and beetles that are an important food source for shorebirds and passerines. Above-ground terrestrial invertebrates were collected in the summer of 1997 from pan traps at three sites established within a supratidal marsh. Only one area of relatively undamaged salt marsh remained within this supratidal marsh. The selected 3 sites were a degraded area, an undamaged salt marsh, and a brackish, riverine marsh. In the degraded area, plant cover was less than 2%, surface soil temperatures were high, and sediments were less aerobic and were dried out in summer compared to those from the undamaged area and the riverine marsh. Spiders were most numerous in the undamaged area and least abundant in the degraded area; numbers declined at all locations in late summer. Beetles showed the same seasonal trend, but the highest and lowest densities were recorded in the riverine marsh and in degraded area, respectively. With the exception of a few species, most of these invertebrates were boreal rather than Arctic in their distribution ranges. Overall, the results clearly show that spiders and beetles are sensitive to loss of vegetation and changes in environmental conditions. There was no evidence that increased bird predation in the open, degraded areas accounted for the recorded changes in assemblages.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".