Daily Evaluation of Peripheral Blood and Abdominal Fluid from Dogs with Closed-Suction Abdominal Drains after Intestinal Surgery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Septic peritonitis (SP) occurs in 6-35% of dogs following gastrointestinal (GI) surgery. Objective criteria to identify surgical site dehiscence are currently lacking. The objective of this study was to identify, in dogs with closed suction abdominal drain (CSAD), objective laboratory markers to predict SP after GI surgery. A secondary objective was to determine the peri-operative pattern of abdominal fluid and serum NT-proCNP concentrations from dogs with SP. Thirty-three client-owned dogs undergoing intestinal surgery with placement of a CSAD were enrolled. Abdominal fluid and peripheral blood were collected pre-operatively and then daily via the CSAD until its removal. Analysis of all samples included WBC count, PCV, total solids, glucose, lactate, electrolytes, pH, PO2 and PCO2. Abdominal fluid analysis also included cytology, bacterial culture, and fluid volume. Blood-to-abdominal fluid glucose (BFG) and lactate (BFL) differences, abdominal fluid-to-blood lactate ratio, and blood-to-fluid WBC and neutrophil ratios were determined daily. NT-proCNP concentrations were also measured from abdominal fluid and serum from the last 12 dogs enrolled with SP. Outcomes included uneventful recovery (UR) or development of post-operative SP (POSP). Uneventful recovery was noted in 30 dogs, while 3 dogs developed POSP. None of the blood and fluid laboratory variables predicted POSP requiring relaparotomy. On day 3, blood-to-fluid WBC (p< 0.001) and neutrophil (p< 0.001) ratios were significantly higher in the POSP group compared to the UR group. NT-proCNP was successfully measured in canine abdominal fluid using an ELISA kit previously validated for canine serum. In dogs with SP, pre-operative abdominal fluid NT-proCNP concentrations were lower than concurrent serum concentrations (p= 0.031). Post-operatively, abdominal fluid NT-proCNP concentrations remained lower than serum concentrations (p< 0.050), except on day 4. Diagnostic tests to identify POSP following intestinal surgery are lacking. In dogs managed with a CSAD, identification of degenerate neutrophils or intra-cellular bacteria from abdominal fluid should not be considered solely as indicative of POSP. Use of blood-to-fluid WBC and neutrophil ratios to identify POSP requires further investigation. In dogs with SP, low serum NT-proCNP concentrations cannot be explained by abdominal compartmentalization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".