The Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus, Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and Clostridium difficile Infection in Canadian Hospitals. A Comparison of Survey Results. in 2010, 2012, and 2016.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background. Repeated point-prevalence surveys are useful in identifying changes in the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance. A point-prevalence survey for MRSA, VRE, ESBLs, CREs, and CDI was done in 2010 and in 2012. We wanted to determine if there were any changes in prevalence over time. Methods. A third follow-up survey of MRSA, VRE, ESBLs, CREs, and CDI was done in adult inpatients in Canadian hospitals with ≥50 beds in February 2016. Data describing the participating hospitals and the patient cases were obtained at each participating site using standard criteria and case definitions. Results. A total of 159 hospitals with 34,510 inpatients participated in the follow-up survey with representation from 9 provinces. Routine universal or targeted admission screening for VRE decreased from 99% in 2010 to 90% in 2012 and to 77% in 2016. A total of 105 hospitals participated in all 3 surveys; median prevalence rates in these hospitals are summarized in the table. The prevalence of MRSA, CDI, ESBL, and CRE did not significantly change over time. The prevalence of VRE also did not significantly change from 2012 to 2016, even if only centers that screened for VRE at the time of the survey were included in the analysis. The median prevalence of CRE was lower in centers that screened for VRE (P = 0.01). Although not statistically significant, centers that did not screen for VRE in 2016 tended to have higher prevalence of MRSA and ESBL. In 2016, CREs were reported from 24 hospitals (15%) compared to 10 hospitals (7%) in 2012. Conclusion. These data provide national prevalence rates for MRSA, VRE, ESBLs, CREs, and CDI among adult inpatients in Canadian hospitals. There was no significant change in the prevalence of any of the organisms from 2012 to 2016. CREs were identified in more hospitals in 2016 than in 2012, but remain infrequently identified in Canadian hospitals. There has been a substantial decrease in the number of hospitals that screen patients for VRE; this change in practice might lead to changes in the prevalence of other antibiotic resistant organisms. Disclosures. All authors: No reported disclosures.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".