Topical Probiotics as a Therapeutic Alternative for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Preclinical Proof of Concept
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have been shown to manifest a high inflammatory phenotype, with a sinus microbiome deficient in gram-positive bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria are capable of downregulating proinflammatory host responses via an interleukin (IL) 10 mediated response and may represent a potential therapeutic alternative for CRS. We wanted to (i) immunoprofile the IL-10 induction capacity of two gram-positive probiotic strains and (ii) verify the tolerance of these strains by the sinus epithelium. METHODS: A peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) challenge model was used to document probiotic induction of IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha responses at various bacterial dilutions. Epithelial cell tolerance was demonstrated by using a primary epithelial cell model derived from patient biopsy specimens (six patients total [three with CRS and three controls]). After an incubation period with either a live or a heat-killed probiotic strain, cell viability was assessed by using light microscopy. RESULTS: Both probiotic strains induced high IL-10 secretion in PBMCs, with differing profiles of TNF alpha production. Microscopic evaluation after probiotic incubation demonstrated intact cell viability for all cell cultures. CONCLUSION: We identified well-tolerated, nonpathogenic, "generally recognized as safe" status gram-positive probiotics with anti-inflammatory properties. Topical probiotics represented a potential novel topical therapeutic strategy for CRS relevant for further clinical evaluation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".