1333 Changes in milk odd and branched-chain fatty acids during induction and recovery from biohydrogenation-induced milk fat depression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have observed that the concentration of odd and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA) in milk fat markedly changes during biohydrogenation (BH) induced milk fat depression (MFD). The objective was to characterize the time course of changes in milk OBCFA during induction and recovery of BH-induced MFD. Nine Holstein cows were randomly assigned to a treatment sequence in a repeated design that allowed analysis of recovery from a MFD diet. A 36.9% NDF and 1.1% PUFA diet was fed during the control and recovery periods, and a 29.5% NDF and 3.7% PUFA diet was fed during the induction period. Treatment periods were 21 d long and milk was sampled every other day. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with repeated measures, time was the repeated variable, and cow by treatment was the subject. Preplanned contrasts were control versus induction and control versus recovery at each time point. The production data has been previously published (Rico and Harvatine, 2013 JDS 96:6621). Briefly, milk fat percentage and yield decreased progressively during induction and were lower than control by d 3 and 5, respectively. Milk fat concentration and yield increased progressively when cows were fed the recovery diet and were not different from control on d 19 and 15, respectively. During induction of MFD milk fat content of iso-14:0, iso-15:0, anteiso-15:0, 15:0, iso-16:0, anteiso-17:0, 17:0, and total OBCFA decreased rapidly (3.8 to 3.0% of total FA; P < 0.01 for all) and generally the concentration of these fatty acids was lower than control by d 3 (P < 0.05 for all). Contrarily, during recovery milk fat content of iso-14:0, iso-15:0, anteiso-15:0, 15:0, iso-16:0, anteiso-17:0, 17:0, and total OBCFA increased rapidly and the concentration of these fatty acids was not different from control on d 3 (P > 0.1 for all). In conclusion, the changes in milk OBCFA during induction and recovery of MFD occur rapidly, suggesting that these milk fatty acids could be used as markers of altered rumen biohydrogenation during milk fat depression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".