Material affluence, time affluence and well-being among managers in Egypt
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose - Kasser and Sheldon (2009) reported that Time affluence (TA) may be a more important predictor of subjective well-being than Material Affluence (MA) in samples of US college students and working adults.This research replicated their work among managers and professionals working in a variety of organizations and industries in Egypt.a large Muslim country having Islamic values.Design/methodology/approach -Data were collected from 242 respondents, 146 males and 96 females, using anonymously completed questionnaires, a 48% response rate.Measures included personal demographic and work situation characteristics, stable individual difference personality factors, job demands , work outcomes, after-work recovery experiences, and indicators psychological well-being.Findings -MA and TA were significantly correlated (r=.22,p<.001), and managers indicated higher levels of MA than TA.Managers working more hours per week, and managers earning higher incomes, reported less Ta; work hours and income had no relationship with MA.Managers scoring higher on personality factors likely to be associated with greater work investment indicated lower levels of TA Managers working in more intense jobs also indicated lower levels of TA.Managers indicating less TA reported higher levels of job stress; managers indicating higher levels of MA indicated more job stress and higher intentions to quit.Finally, managers indicating higher TA also reported less work-family conflict and fewer psychosomatic symptoms.Research limitations/implications -Since data was collected at only one point in time questions of causality could not be addressed.Study highlights the need for more comparative and cross-cultural studies of human resource management.Practical implications -Findings highlight the role of work hours and TA as factors in psychological well-being of Egyptian managers.Originality/value -This is the first study of MA and TA in Egypt.The findings were consistent with previous results and extended our understanding of correlates of MA and TA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".