A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Adjuvanted Versus Nonadjuvanted Influenza Vaccine in Adult Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background. The annual influenza vaccine is recommended for hematological stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, although studies have shown suboptimal immunogenicity for the standard vaccine. Influenza vaccine containing an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant (MF-59) may lead to greater immunogenicity in hematological stem cell transplant recipients. Methods. We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing the safety and immunogenicity of adjuvanted versus nonadjuvanted influenza vaccine in adult allogeneic HSCT patients. Patients who were ≥12 weeks post-transplant were randomized 1:1 to receive the 2015–2016 influenza vaccine with or without MF59 adjuvant. Both vaccines contained 15 µg each of A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09, A/Switzerland/9715293/2013 (H3N2), and B/Phuket/3073/2013. Preimmunization and 4-week postimmunization sera underwent strain-specific hemagglutination inhibition assay. Results. We randomized 73 patients and 67 (35 adjuvanted; 32 nonadjuvanted) had complete samples available at follow-up. Median age was 54 years (range 22–74) and time from transplant was 380 days (range 85–8107). Concurrent graft versus host disease (GVHD) occurred in 42/73 (57.5%). Baseline seroprotection rates were 47.8%, 46.3%, and 43.3% for A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B, respectively. Seroconversion to at least 1 of 3 influenza antigens was present in 62.9% versus 53.1% for adjuvanted versus nonadjuvanted vaccine, respectively (P = 0.42). Seroconversion to A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B was 31.4% versus 21.9%, 57.1% versus 40.6%, and 37.1% versus 25.0% in adjuvanted versus nonadjuvanted vaccine (P = 0.38, 0.18, 0.29), respectively. Pre- and post-vaccination geometric mean titers were similar between groups. Factors associated with lower seroconversion rates were antithymoglobulin usage within one year (P = 0.03), use of calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus or cyclosporine) (P < 0.001), and shorter duration from transplantation (P < 0.001). Seroconversion rates were greater in patients who received previous year influenza vaccination (82.6% versus 45.5%, P = 0.03). Concurrent GVHD was not associated with vaccine response (P = 0.25). Local and systemic adverse events were similar for the two vaccines. Conclusion. Adjuvanted vaccine demonstrated similar immunogenicity to nonadjvuanted vaccine in allogeneic HSCT patients and may be an option for this population. Disclosures. A. Humar, Roche: Grant Investigator, Research grant D. Kumar, Roche: Grant Investigator, Research grant GSK: Grant Investigator, Research grant Sanofi-Pasteur: Scientific Advisor, Speaker honorarium
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".