Cancer initiating-cells are enriched in the CA9 positive fraction of primary cervix cancer xenografts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
// Delphine Tamara Marie-Egyptienne 1, 3 , Naz Chaudary 1 , Tuula Kalliomäki 1, 3 , David William Hedley 1, 2, 3, 4 , Richard Peter Hill 1, 3, 5 1 Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, M5G2M9, Canada 2 Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, M5G2M9, Canada 3 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 4 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 5 Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Correspondence to: Richard Peter Hill, email: hill@uhnres.utoronto.ca Keywords: cervix cancer, xenogratfs, stem cells, hypoxia, carbonic anhydrase 9 Received: August 20, 2016 Accepted: November 07, 2016 Published: November 25, 2016 ABSTRACT Numerous studies have suggested that Cancer Initiating Cells (CIC) can be identified/enriched in cell populations obtained from solid tumors based on the expression of cell surface marker proteins. We used early passage primary cervix cancer xenografts to sort cells based on the expression of the intrinsic hypoxia marker Carbonic Anhydrase 9 (CA9) and tested their cancer initiation potential by limiting dilution assay. We demonstrated that CICs are significantly enriched in the CA9 + fraction in 5/6 models studied. Analyses of the expression of the stem cell markers Oct4, Notch1, Sca-1 & Bmi1 showed a trend toward an increase in the CA9 + populations, albeit not significant. We present evidence that enhanced autophagy does not play a role in the enhanced growth of the CA9 + cells. Our study suggests a direct in vivo functional link between hypoxic cells and CICs in primary cervix cancer xenografts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".