The value of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) pulp and its potential use in vinegar production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The objectives of this work are to study the physicochemical properties of tamarind fruit pulp for production of vinegar and to evaluate the quality characteristics of the produced vinegar.Methods: Two samples of tamarind were used in this study, sample A from Eastern Sudan and B from Western Sudan. They were analyzed for their physical, chemical composition and minerals content.Results: The acidity (%), total soluble solid, TSS Brix and pH values of tamarinds fruit pulp showed that sample A scored the higher value 28.87%, 42.2 Brix in acidity and TSS, respectively. All proximate analysis parameters determined were significantly different (P≤ 0.05) in the two samples except the ash content. Results showed that tamarind samples contain high amounts of Ca (149.13 – 174.19 mg/100g), in addition to Fe (68.94 – 80.67 mg/100g). The P content of the two samples was very low (3.63 – 9.06 mg/100g). For vinegar production, the fruit pulp was first digested and fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisae, and then acidified with Acetobacteraceti. No significant difference (P ≥0.05) was observed between samples A and B in refractive index, density (g/cm3) and pH between the two samples. After acidification step, the same properties were also estimated, the result were 1.35, 0.95(g/cm3) and 2.05, respectively for sample A, and 1.34, 0.94(g/cm3), 2.18 for, respectively for sample B. Sample B had the higher concentration vinegar (18.14%) compared to sample A (17.18%).Conclusion: tamarind fruit pulp could be recommended for vinegar production.Keywords: Tamarind, Physicochemical properties, Minerals, Vinegar quality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".