Linguistic Representation of Ideological Strategies in Two Iranian Newspapers Written in English
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study investigates ideological strategies mainly embodied in X-phemism in light of Van Dijk’s and Charteris-Black’s frameworks of the construction of reality in news reports. To this aim, a representative sample of 239 news reports was selected for a one-year period (end of January 2010 to end of January 2011) from two Iranian newspapers published in English—the Tehran Times and Kayhan International. A total of 11,938 strategies from 10,676 clauses in these newspapers were analyzed, both quantitatively in terms of frequency of occurrence for each strategy, and qualitatively for the reason of occurrence. Findings have revealed that both news outlets contain a wide range of ideological strategies, among which Objectivity with its sub-strategies, Negative and Positive Lexicalization as part of metaphor, and Exaggeration/Hyperbole were the most frequent whereas Counterfactuals, Openness/Honesty and Irony had the lowest frequencies. The quantitative and qualitative findings are discussed in the result and discussion sections.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".