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<i>p</i>-Values: The Insight to Modern Statistical Inference

2016· article· en· W2550638838 on OpenAlexaff
D. A. S. Fraser

Bibliographic record

VenueAnnual Review of Statistics and Its Application · 2016
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMathematics
TopicStatistical Methods in Clinical Trials
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsScalar (mathematics)MathematicsInferenceApplied mathematicsStatistical inferenceRange (aeronautics)Exponential functionStatistical modelComputer scienceStatisticsMathematical analysisArtificial intelligence

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

I introduce a p-value function that derives from the continuity inherent in a wide range of regular statistical models. This provides confidence bounds and confidence sets, tests, and estimates that all reflect model continuity. The development starts with the scalar-variable scalar-parameter exponential model and extends to the vector-parameter model with scalar interest parameter, then to general regular models, and then references for testing vector interest parameters are available. The procedure does not use sufficiency but applies directly to general models, although it reproduces sufficiency-based results when sufficiency is present. The emphasis is on the coherence of the full procedure, and technical details are not emphasized.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.036
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.147
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.964
Threshold uncertainty score0.192

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0360.147
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.002
Bibliometrics0.0050.004
Science and technology studies0.0010.016
Scholarly communication0.0050.009
Open science0.0040.004
Research integrity0.0040.012
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.229
GPT teacher head0.523
Teacher spread0.294 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

Study designTheoretical or conceptual
DomainMethods
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations19
Published2016
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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