Changes in weight and weight distribution across the lifespan among HIV-infected and -uninfected men and women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Examine body composition changes across the lifespan of HIV-infected compared to uninfected adults. Longitudinal study of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated HIV-infected and uninfected participants from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and Women's Interagency HIV Study. Body mass index (BMI), waist (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) measured at semiannual visits from 1999 to 2014. The age effect on outcomes over time was investigated using multivariate, piecewise, linear mixed-effect regression models adjusted for demographics, substance use, and comorbidities. Person-visits from 2363 men (1059 HIV-infected/1304 HIV-uninfected) and 2200 women (1455 HIV-infected/745 HIV-uninfected), median ages 45 [IQR 39,51] and 40 [32,46], respectively, were included. BMI gains were slower among HIV-infected participants of 40 years or less (P < 0.001), similar between HIV-infected and uninfected persons 40 to 60 years of age, and plateaued after age 60 in both groups. WC and WHtR increased across the age spectrum (P < 0.001) regardless of HIV serostatus, with significantly greater gains in HIV-infected men more than 60. Black race and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with greater BMI and WC. Lower BMI, WC, hip circumference, and WHtR were associated with hepatitis C infection among women only, and with substance use among all participants, and with lower CD4 cell count and shorter ART duration among HIV-infected participants. Slower BMI gain among younger HIV-infected adults may be partly explained by substance use and hepatitis C infection, and suggests that lower BMI does not represent improved health. Further analysis of muscle and fat abundance and quality will advance understanding of metabolic risk over the lifespan, a key to reducing morbidity in an aging population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".