1189 Effect of forage source of dairy cow diets on methane emission from enteric fermentation and manure storage.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of corn silage (CS), barley silage (BS), alfalfa silage (AS), and timothy silage (TS) on CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation and manure storage of dairy cows. For this purpose, 3 experiments (9 cows; replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design; 32-d periods) were conducted. Forages included at 60% of diet DM were, in study 1: 100% CS (0% AS), 100% AS (0% CS), and 50:50 mix CS:AS; in study 2: 100% CS (0% BS), 100% BS (0% CS), and 50:50 mix CS:BS; and study 3: 100% AS (0% TS), 100% TS (0% AS), and 50:50 mix AS:TS. Cows were fed for ad libitum intake and enteric CH4 emission was determined (3 d) using respiration chambers. Manure excretion was measured over 5 d. Manure CH4 emissions were estimated using the Eq. [10].23 of the IPCC (2006). Total CH4 emissions are the sum of enteric and manure CH4 emissions. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure (SAS) and differences between treatments were declared significant at P ≤ 0.05 using the Tukey multiple comparison test. Overall, 72% of total CH4 emission was from enteric source and 28% was from manure storage. In study 1, enteric CH4 emissions (17.7 vs. 20.5 g/kg DMI) and manure CH4 emissions (6.78 vs. 7.50 g/kg DMI) were lower in cows fed 100% CS compared to cows fed 100% AS or 50:50 mix CS:AS. Consequently, total CH4 emissions were also lower in cows fed 100% CS compared to cows fed 100% AS or 50:50 mix CS:AS (24.4 vs. 28.0 g/kg DMI). Similarly, in study 2, enteric (19.1 vs. 22.1 g/kg DMI), manure (7.59 vs. 9.04 g/kg DMI) and total (26.7 vs. 31.1 g/kg DMI) CH4 emissions decreased in cows fed 100% CS compared to cows fed 100% BS or 50:50 mix CS:BS. In study 3, no treatment effect was observed on enteric CH4 (19.8 g/kg DMI), manure CH4 (7.16 g/kg DMI), and total (27.0 g/kg DMI) emissions. Results of this study show that replacing AS or BS with CS in dairy cow diets is expected to lower total CH4 emissions (g/kg DMI) because of reduced enteric and manure CH4 emissions. However, no effect on CH4 emissions (enteric, manure, and total) can be expected by replacing TS with AS in dairy cow diets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".