PARENTAGE TESTING IN DIFFERENT BREEDS OF DOGS USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT A total of 45 blood samples from progeny and the putative parents were tested for parentage analysis using a panel of microsatellite markers (short tandem repeats). Six breeds of dogs were represented viz. German shepherd, Dalmatian, Labrador, Great Dane, Boxer and Lhasa Apso in this study for genotype analysis. Ten different microsatellite marker loci were amplified by multiplex PCR. The multiplex PCR products were run in genetic analyzer. The data were analyzed using gene mapper software to measure the allele size. Such measured allele size was compared to determine whether there are matches between the progeny and the putative parents. In conclusion, short tandem repeats uniformly distributed in the genome was found to be highly polymorphic and can be used as molecular tool for parentage testing in dogs of different breeds. Key words: microsatellite markers, dog parentage, multiplex PCR.. REFERENCES Hearne, C.M., Ghosh, S., Todd J.A.1992. Microsatellites for linkage analysis of genetic traits. Trends genet. 8:288–294. Ichikawa, Y. Takagi, K. Tsumagari, S. Ishihama, K. Morita, M. Kanemaki, M. Takeishi, M. and Takahashi, H. (2001). Canine parentage testing based on microsatellite polymorphisms. J vet. Med. sci. 63:1209-1213. Jeffreys, A.J. Wilson, V. and Thein, S.L. (1985): Individual-specific fingerprints of human DNA. Nature, 316(6023):76–79. Muller, S. Flekna, G., Muller, M., Brem, G. 1999. Use of canine microsatellite polymorphisms in forensic examinations. J. Hered. 90:55-56. Nakamura, Y., Leppert, M., O'Connell, P., Wolff, R., Holm, T., Culver, M., Martin, C., Fujimoto, E., Hoff, M., Kumlin, E. 1987. Variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) markers for human gene mapping. Science. 235.1616-22. Ostrander, E.A. and Robert K. W. 2005. The canine genome. Genome Res. 15: 1706-1716. Stallings, R.L., Ford, A.F., Nelson, D., Torney, D.C., Hildebrand, C.E., Moyzis, R.K. 1991. Evolution and distribution of (GT)n repetitive sequences in mammalian genomes. Genomics. 10(3):807-15. Walsh, P.S., Fildes, N.J., Reynolds, R. 1996. Sequence analysis and characterization of stutter products at the tetranucleotide repeat locus vWA. Nucleic Acids Res. 24: 2807–2812. Zaje, I. 1994. A new method of paternity testing for dogs, based on microsatellite sequences. Vet. Rec. 135: 545-547.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".