Hemodynamic Response to Upper Airway Obstruction in Hypertensive and Normotensive Pregnant Women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background. Mild obstructive sleep apnea is common in pregnancy and may have an exacerbating role in gestational hypertension, although currently the interaction between these two diseases is uncertain. Methods. We analyzed 43 pregnant subjects, 28 with gestational hypertension (GH) and 15 with normal healthy pregnancy, by level I polysomnography. Additionally, diastolic and systolic blood pressure changes in response to obstructive respiratory events were measured by noninvasive beat-by-beat monitoring. We also assessed a subgroup (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">27</mml:mn></mml:math>) of women with respiratory disturbance indexes <5, for blood pressure responses to very subtle obstructive respiratory disturbances (“airflow reductions”). Results. The mean ± standard deviation respiratory disturbance index of our 28 GH women and 15 healthy pregnant women was<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">10.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">9.9</mml:mn></mml:math> mmHg and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">3.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">3.8</mml:mn></mml:math> mmHg, respectively. Systolic and diastolic pressure responses to these events were<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">30.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">12.8</mml:mn></mml:math> mmHg and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">16.0</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">6.1</mml:mn></mml:math> mmHg for GH women and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">29.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">14.2</mml:mn></mml:math> mmHg and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">14.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">7.7</mml:mn></mml:math> mmHg for healthy women. For the 27 women in whom we assessed for airflow reduction events, the hemodynamic responses were<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8"><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">27.1</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">12.3</mml:mn></mml:math> mmHg systolic and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9"><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">14.4</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">6.7</mml:mn></mml:math> mmHg diastolic. Interpretation. Upper airway obstructive events of any severity are associated with a substantial transient blood pressure response in both healthy pregnant and GH women. Whether or not these events have a clinically significant impact on women with GH remains uncertain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".