0469 Use of low-cost, non-nutritive adsorbents as intestinal binding agents to sequester the boar taint compound androstenone
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Boar taint is an unpleasant odor and taste detected from pork of some intact males when cooked, caused by high accumulation of the testicular steroid androstenone and the indole skatole. Currently available research exploring dietary approaches to control androstenone is scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate for the efficacy of binding agents in vivo against androstenone and its impacts on performance in intact male pigs, following up on previous works in vitro. The study aims to capitalize on a hormone-recycling phenomenon which takes place in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, called enterohepatic circulation. Four adsorbents have been assessed for their binding effectiveness against androstenone in our laboratory; these were previously used in studies which successfully mitigated negative effects associated with mycotoxin ingestion in production animals. All additives bound androstenone in high efficacies in vitro, which warranted evaluation of the effectiveness of these binders in swine diets to reduce its levels in plasma and fat. Ninety (n = 90) purebred Duroc boars (123 ± 6 d of age at start of experiment) were equally allocated (n = 18) and fed 1 of 4 diets added with 2% bentonite (BNT), 3.5% diatomaceous earth (DE), 15% spent filter aid (SFA), or 0.7% hydrated sodium-calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) for at least 28 d followed by 14 d of recovery. All groups were compared with a control entire male group (n = 18) fed a typical corn-soybean meal finisher diet. Plasma samples and backfat biopsies were collected at d 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56 of trial. Pigs were weighed weekly and calculated for growth performance parameters. Estrone-1-sulfate in plasma was analyzed as a positive control for enterohepatic circulation. Analysis of trends during the treatment period were performed using the PROC MIXED repeated measures procedure in SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). There were no differences in ADG, ADFI, or FCR across diets (P > 0.05) throughout the treatment period. In addition, there were no significant decreases in backfat or plasma androstenone and estrone-1-sulfate across pigs fed treatment diets by d 28 (P > 0.05). However, there was a wide variation in plasma and fat androstenone concentration, which may result from the process of transporting the pigs into a novel environment and mixing. Further research using of crossbred pigs that will not be mixed and/or transported into unfamiliar groups is needed to conclusively evaluate the efficacy of these treatments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".