Biomarkers of genotoxicity measured in human lymphocytes exposed to benzo[a]pyrene: Aneugenic effect, and involvement multiple primary DNA lesions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Benzo-a-pyrene (B[a]P) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon classified as carcinogenic to human. Its metabolic activation leads to production of metabolites forming adducts with DNA, being at origin of B[a]P-induced DNA damages, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Human blood lymphocytes cultures established from 25 subjects aged 20 to 30 years old, living in Montreal (Quebec, Canada) were exposed to B[a]P (0.4, 4, 20 and 40 µM) for 24 h, then washed and cultivated without B[a]P for an additional 24 h. B[a]P-DNA adducts, DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and micronuclei (MN) were analysed. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of MN using a pancentromeric probe was also done to assess MN content. Significantly increased formation of B[a]P-DNA adducts, CAs, MN and SCEs were observed starting at [B[a]P]=0.4 µM (p<0.01), with a significant decrease of B[a]P-DNA adducts and MN after exposure to 20 µM B[a]P. For DNA SSBs, no significant increase was observed in all conditions. Besides, FISH analysis showed that B[a]P-induced MN mostly contain centromeres (77.1% vs 68.5% for the control, p<0.01), and specifically three or more centromeres (p<0.01). This study suggests an aneugenic effect of B[a]P in human lymphocytes. Finally, statistical analysis by multiple linear regression showed that two variables (B[a]P exposure level and B[a]P-DNA adducts) significantly explained 53% of observed variability in SCE test, while the percentage of cell presenting a high frequency of SCE (% HFC) was the only variable significantly explaining the observed variability in CA and MN test (34% and 12%, respectively). These observations indicate that DNA breaks, in addition to B[a]P-DNA adducts, contributed to SCEs formation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".