Changing Courses: The Pendulum of Family Transitions in Comparative Perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper focuses on changing and emergent patterns of family-related transitions to adulthood over the past century. Particular attention will be paid to contextualizing contemporary transitions to adulthood (i.e., leaving and returning to parental homes as “boomerang kids” and the timing of marriage and parenthood) using historical data, particularly from the 1950s until the tum of the 21st century. Although emphasis is on Canadian patterns, international comparisons are made with the U.S., Britain, Italy and Sweden. Data are presented from a variety of primary and secondary sources, including Statistics Canada, the U.S. Bureau of the Census, and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Key findings question the commonly-held assertion that contemporary transitions are fraught with chaos and uncertainty. Instead, the family life course can be conceptualized as elastic and flexible in response to unique and changing ecological environments. In light of the significant socio-demographic, economic and political transformations facing families, implications relevant to the fluctuating life course patterns of young men, young women, and their midlife, parents will be highlighted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".