Open versus Endoscopic Septoplasty Techniques: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Septal deviation is a condition of high prevalence, which ranges from 22% in newborns to 90% in adults. Surgical intervention is frequently considered in the management of patients with symptoms. Although many surgeons prefer either the endoscopic or the open approach to septoplasty, there is an ongoing debate regarding comparative outcomes between the two approaches. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature and provide pooled summary estimates to evaluate the efficacy and safety of open versus endoscopic septoplasty techniques. METHODS: This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42014010730). MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Central Registry for Randomized Trials were searched for relevant studies by using the following keywords in varying combinations: "nasal septum," "nasal obstruction," "nasal cartilages," "nose," "nose diseases," "surgery," "nasal/septal deviation," and "septoplasty." All the studies that compared open versus endoscopic septoplasty techniques for the management of symptomatic septal deviation were considered. Two reviewers independently extracted data by using a preestablished extraction form and performed quality assessment by using the Jadad and Newcastle Ottawa Scales. Weighted pooled estimates were calculated and reported, along with relative risks and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Fourteen studies met our inclusion criteria. When comparing open versus endoscopic septoplasty techniques, there was significant improvement in postoperative symptoms (i.e., nasal obstruction, headaches) (p < 0.05) in the endoscopic septoplasty group. There also were significantly fewer complications associated with the endoscopic septoplasty technique (p < 0.05). Based on the quality assessment, included studies were deemed at a moderate-to-high risk of bias. CONCLUSION: Our analysis indicated that endoscopic septoplasty may have some advantages over open septoplasty. However, our findings should be taken with caution given the poor quality of included studies.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.014 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it