1342 The impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus acidophilus on colon histomorphology and gene expression in rumen and ileum tissues of young dairy calves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Direct fed microbials (DFM) are increasingly used as a replacement for antibiotics growth promoters to maintain animal health, enhance performance and reduce environmental contamination. However, little information exists on the impact of DFM on the morphology of the gastro intestinal tract of calves and innate immune response during early life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on colon histomorphology and innate immune gene expression of rumen and ileum tissues of calves. Forty eight Holstein calves (2 to 7 d-old) were grouped according to body weight and circulating IgG and randomly separated into 4 treatments: Control (CTRL)- fed milk replacer and starter diet introduced after the second week; CTRL supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079 (7.5 × 109 cfu/L milk replacer + 3 × 109 cfu/kg feed) (SCB); CTRL supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus BT1386 (2.5 × 108 cfu/L milk replacer + 1 × 109cfu/kg feed) (LA); and CTRL supplemented with tetracycline (528 mg/L) and neomycin (357 mg/L) before weaning and chlortetracyclin (55 mg/kg) after weaning (ATB). Four calves per treatment were euthanized on Days 33 (d33; pre-weaning) and d96 (post-weaning) for RNA isolation and colon histomorphological studies. The expression levels of Muc1, Muc20, Claudin 3, TLR4, TLR6, TLR9 and TLR10 genes were analyzed by qPCR. Morphometric measurements of stained (hematoxylin & eosin and periodic acid Schiff) colon sections were used for the determination of crypt depth (NDPview 2 software) and goblet cell (imageJ software). The effects of treatments were analyzed following a complete randomized block design with repeated measures and Tukey adjustments for multiple comparisons. The levels of expression of genes were low in the ileum. In the rumen, Muc1 gene increased P = 0.014 whereas the expression of TLR 6 (P = 0.07) and TLR10 (P = 0.081) genes tended to increase with SCB when compared to CTRL. Crypt depth for both SCB and ATB decreased significantly (P < 0.01) on d33 and d96 as compared to LA and CTRL. Similarly, neutral mucins were increased (P < 0.05) with SCB (d33 and d96) and ATB (d33) as compared to LA and CTRL. Muc1 gene was up-regulated in the rumen but not in the ileum on d33 and d96. Data shows that feeding SCB altered the colon morphology and increased neutral mucin; an indication of early maturation in the SCB treated group. Our results suggest that SCB could improve colon development in young dairy calves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".