Investigation of the influence of liquid surface films on O<sub>3</sub> and PAN deposition to plant leaves coated with organic/inorganic solution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study investigates the influence of leaf surface water films on the deposition of ozone (O 3 ) and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) under controlled laboratory conditions. A twin‐cuvette system was used to simulate environmental variables. We observed a clear correlation between the O 3 deposition on plants ( Quercus ilex ) and the relative humidity (RH) under both light and dark conditions. During the light period the observed increase of the O 3 deposition was mainly attributed to the opening of leaf stomata, while during the absence of light the liquid surface films were the reason for O 3 deposition. This finding was supported by experimentally induced stomatal closure by the infiltration of abscisic acid. In the case of PAN, no relationship with RH was found during the dark period, which indicates that the nonstomatal deposition of PAN is not affected by the liquid surface films. Consequently, the ratio of the O 3 and PAN deposition velocities is not constant when relative humidity changes, which is in contrast to assumptions made in many models. The flux partitioning ratio between nonstomatal and stomatal depositions as well as between nonstomatal and total depositions was found to be R nsto/sto = 0.21–0.40, R nsto/tot = 0.18–0.30 for O 3 and R nsto/sto = 0.26–0.29, R nsto/tot = 0.21–0.23 for PAN. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the formation of the liquid surface film on leaves and the nonstomatal O 3 deposition are depending on the chemical composition of the particles deposited on the leaf cuticles as proposed previously.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".