Nasal Epithelial Cells of Donor Origin after Allogeneic HCT.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Allogeneic HCT leads to hematolymphatic chimeras. Multiple studies in recent years have reported that stem cells can differentiate into muscle, skin, liver, lung, neurons and epithelium of GI tract after HCT. These studies were performed on recipients of sex-mismatched HCT using XY FISH and are often subject to criticism as XY discrimination may lead to overestimation or underestimation of donor cells due to reasons ranging from fetomaternal chimerism; male blood transfusions and loss of Y chromosome. Moreover, most recipients in these studies were ≤ 1 year post HCT. In the present investigation we determined whether donor epithelial nasal cells can be detected in patients ≥ 5 years post HCT. To avoid above limitations, we used the combination of immunocytochemistry, Laser capture microscopy (LCM) and STR based automated DNA fragment analysis for chimerism quantitation. We collected nasal scrapings and whole blood from 12 allo-HCT survivors (5–22 yrs after HCT; median = 10 yrs). Nasal cells were cytospinned; stained with cytokeratin (CK) and CD45 antibodies and true epithelial cells (CK+CD45−) were laser captured. DNA extracted from the captured cells and blood leukocytes was PCR amplified for a panel of 16 STR markers (ABI-Identifiler™). Genescan analysis of the amplicons was done to quantify chimerism. In all 12 recipients, epithelial cells of donor origin were identified accounting for 3.8% to 12.20% (mean = 7.25%) of the nasal epithelial cells. In conclusion, even with a method obviating the artifacts of XY based differentiation; donor origin epithelial cells were identified. We cannot conclude, whether these cells originate from hematopoietic stem cells, or epithelial cell precursors transferred with the graft, or recipient epithelial cell fused with donor hematolymphatic cells. However, as we found only up to 12.20% donor epithelial cells at 5–22 yrs post HCT, it is likely that none of the three mechanisms contribute to the generation of epithelial cells significantly.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".