Modeling and Simulation of the Consolidation Behaviour of Cemented Paste Backfill
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In underground mining operations, the mined-out spaces (called stopes) need to be backfilled to maintain the stability of surrounding rock mass and increase the ore recovery. Cemented paste backfill (CPB), a mixture of water, binder, and tailings, has been intensively utilized in underground mining operations to fill the stopes. After preparation, the fresh CPB is transported into stopes via gravity and/or pumping. The CPB in stopes is subjected to thermal, hydraulic, mechanical and chemical loads. As a result, the consolidation behavior of CPB is dominated by complex multiphysics processes that occur within the CPB. However, the conventional consolidation theory mainly focuses on the coupled mechanical and hydraulic processes. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a multiphysics model for the assessment and prediction of the consolidation behavior of CPB. In the study, a 3D coupled multiphysics model is proposed and implemented into Comsol Multiphysics. The predictive capability of the proposed model is validated against experimental data collected from well-controlled laboratory experiments. Three different coupled modules including geomechanics, subsurface flow and heat transfer modules are adopted. The prediction results show a good agreement with the measured data, which verifies the good prediction capability of the developed model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".