1408 Effect of pelleting at different temperatures and times on nutrient supply of co-products form canola oil processing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of conditioning temperatures (70, 80, and 90°C) and conditioning time (50s and 75s) and their possible interaction during pelleting on predicted truly absorbed protein supply of canola meal. Truly absorbed protein supply were measured for dairy cows according to DVE/OEB system and NRC-2001 model. The treatments were designed in 3 × 2 factorial arrangement and experiment design was RCBD. Statistical analysis was performed using the PROC MIXED of SAS 9.3. The results showed that conditioning time had a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on total protein supplied to the small intestine (TPSI), microbial protein synthesized in the rumen based on available nitrogen (N_MCP), truly absorbed microbial protein in the small intestine (AMCP), rumen bypass feed crude protein (BCP) and truly absorbed bypass protein(ABCP). Samples conditioned at 80°C were highest in AMCP and N_MCP while lowest in TPSI and ABCP between pellets. Pelleting decreased (P < 0.01) TPSI, BCP and ABCP (261.39 vs. 241.66 g/kg DM, 195.68 vs. 174.20 g/kg DM and 55.49 vs. 41.61 g/kg DM, respectively) but increased AMCP of canola meal (55.86 vs. 57.34 g/kg DM). Pelleting induced decreased truly digested protein in the small intestine (DVE; 99.26 vs. 86.77 g/kg DM) and increased degradable protein balance (OEB; 115.26 vs. 135.27 g/kg DM) were observed (P < 0.01). In NRC-2001 model, affected by quadratic effect of conditioning temperature (P < 0.05), samples conditioned at 80°C between pellets were lowest in rumen undegradable feed crude protein (RUP), truly absorbed rumen undegradable protein in the small intestine (ARUP) and metabolizable protein (MP). Rumen endogenous protein (ECP) and truly absorbed rumen endogenous protein in the small intestine (AECP) were decreased by increasing conditioning time (10.58 vs.10.21 g/kg DM and 4.23 vs. 4.08 g/kg DM, respectively; P < 0.01). Pelleting decreased (P < 0.01) MP, AECP and ECP of canola meal (107.09 vs. 94.65 g/kg DM, 4.43 vs. 4.16 g/kg DM and 11.08 vs. 10.39 g/kg DM, respectively). RUP and ARUP of canola meal were decreased by pelleting as well (176.29 vs. 156.94 g/kg DM and 49.99 vs. 37.49 g/kg DM, respectively; P < 0.01). Summarily, pelleting changed potential protein supply of canola meal; alteration of pelleting conditions caused differences between pellets in predicted protein supply profiles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".