Shear Strength of Water-Repellent Hydrophobic Granular Media
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Natural soils may be changed from wettable (hereafter hydrophilic) soils to water-repellent (hereafter hydrophobic) soil due to forest fires or oil spillages. Also, the friction of hydrophobic surfaces is much lower than that of hydrophilic surfaces. The goal of this study is to compare the characteristics of shear strength on the hydrophilic and hydrophobic soils. Glass beads were synthesized by silanization technique for hydrophobic granular media. Each specimen for hydrophilic and hydrophobic granular media is prepared to a degree of saturation of S = 0 and 5%. Experimental results show that the shear strength of hydrophobic soils is lower than that of hydrophilic soils due to the difference of friction and water repellency. This study suggests that the strength of hydrophobic granular media should be considered when the soil subgrade is treated for waterproofing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".