Pre-feeding sensorimotor stimulation as an early intervention strategy to enhance oral feeding skills in preterm infants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Preterm infants are at high risk of encountering oral feeding difficulties. Safe and successful oral feeding entails the ability to coordinate suck, swallow, and respiration processes. Achievement of such coordination necessitates the function of multiple systems, including musculoskeletal, cardio-respiratory, gastrointestinal, behavioral, and neurological. Hence, oral feeding difficulties may ensue from oral and non-oral origins. There is limited knowledge on the effect of oral and non-oral intervention strategies aimed at optimizing oral feeding skills in preterm infants. The objectives of this study was to investigate whether a pre-feeding uni-oral, uni-tactile/kinesthetic, and multi-oral+tactile/kinesthetic stimulation improve preterm infants' oral feeding skills, and to establish whether multi-sensorimotor interventions have an additive or synergistic effect leading to better oral feeding skills than uni-sensorimotor interventions. Seventy-five preterm infants were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups: 1) uni-oral group, consisting of stroking the lips, cheeks, gums, tongue and sucking on a pacifier; 2) uni-tactile/kinesthetic group, involving stroking the body and limbs and passive range of motion to limbs; 3) multi-oral+tactile/kinesthetic group, consisting of oral and tactile/kinesthetic stimulation as above; and 4) control group. All three experimental groups improved oral feeding performance, in particular time to attainment of independent oral feeding, proficiency and volume transfer, the uni-oral and multi-oral+tactile/kinesthetic groups increased rate of transfer, and the uni-oral group showed less volume loss (spillage) compared to controls. The underlying systems mediating the oral feeding improvements differed for each intervention. The uni-oral stimulation enhanced nutritive sucking skills, suck-swallow-respiration coordination, and growth. The uni-tactile/kinesthetic stimulation improved suck-swallow-respiration coordinati
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".