1658 Synergism of cattle and bison inoculum on ruminal fermentation and bacterial communities in an artificial rumen (Rusitec) fed barley straw
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of increasing the proportion of bison relative to cattle inoculum on fermentation and microbial populations within an artificial rumen (Rusitec) fed barley straw. The experiment was a completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 33, 67, and 100% of bison inoculum replacing cattle inoculum) replicated in two Rusitec apparatuses with 8 fermenters each (n = 4/treatment). The experiment lasted 15 d with 8 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. Fermenters were fed a diet of 70% barley straw and 30% concentrate (DM basis). True digestibility of DM (DMD) was determined after 48 h of incubation from d 13 to 15, and daily NH3 and VFA production were measured on d 9 to 12. Protozoa counts were determined at d 9, 11, 13, and 15 and particle-associated bacteria (PAB) from d 13 to 15. Selected bacterial populations in the PAB were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Individual fermenter was considered the experimental unit and day of sampling as a repeated measure. Increasing the proportion of bison inoculum had a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on straw, concentrate and total DMD (50.3, 52.0, 52.8, and 50.3% DMD, respectively), and on straw and total NDF disappearance (NDFD). Increasing bison inoculum linearly increased concentrate NDFD, total and concentrate N digestibility, as well as total daily VFA and acetate production. A quadratic response (P < 0.05) was observed for daily ammonia-N, propionate, and butyrate production. Increasing the proportion of bison inoculum linearly increased (P < 0.05) total protozoa numbers and had a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on Fibrobacter succinogenes, linearly increased (P < 0.10) Ruminococcus flavefaciens and decreased (P < 0.05) Ruminococcus albus 16S rRNA copy numbers. Overall, bison inoculum more readily degraded feed protein than cattle inoculum, with a mixture of inoculums synergistically increasing the DMD and NDFD of barley straw. Direct inoculation of rumen contents across ruminant species may be a means of increasing ruminal fiber digestion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".