Advanced seismic imaging techniques characterize the Alpine Fault at Whataroa (New Zealand)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The plate‐bounding Alpine Fault in New Zealand is an 850 km long transpressive continental fault zone that is late in its earthquake cycle. We have acquired and processed reflection seismic data to image the subsurface around the main drill site of the Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP‐2). The resulting velocity models and seismic images of the upper 5 km show complex subsurface structures around the Alpine Fault zone. The most prominent feature is a strong reflector at depths of 1.5–2.2 km with an apparent dip of 48° to the southeast below the DFDP‐2 borehole, which we assume to be the main trace of the Alpine Fault. Above the main reflector, parallel reflectors suggest the presence of a ∼600 m wide damage zone. Additionally, subparallel reflectors are imaged that we interpret as secondary branches of the main fault zone. Conjugate faults imaged by the data show the complexity of the subsurface. The derived P wave velocity model reveals a 300–600 m thick sedimentary layer with velocities of ∼2.3 km/s above a schist basement with velocities of 4.5–5.5 km/s. A low‐velocity layer can be observed within the basement at 0.8–2 km depth. A small‐scale low‐velocity anomaly appears at the top of the basement that can be correlated to the fault zone. The results provide a reliable basis for a seismic characterization of the DFDP‐2 drill site that can be used for further structural and geological investigations of the architecture of the Alpine Fault in this area.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".