Submarine glacial landform distribution in the central Arctic Ocean shelf–slope–basin system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The central Arctic Ocean, including its surrounding seas, extends over an area of c. 9.5×106 km2 of which c. 53% comprises shallow continental shelves (Jakobsson 2002) (Fig. 1a). The surface of this nearly land-locked polar ocean is at present dominated by a perennial sea-ice cover with a maximum extent every year in late February to March and a minimum in early to mid-September (Fig. 1a) (Serreze et al. 2007). Outlet glaciers producing icebergs that drift in the central Arctic Ocean exist on northern Greenland, Ellesmere Island and on islands in the Barents and Kara seas (Diemand 2001) (Fig. 1a). Ice shelves, although substantially smaller than those found in Antarctica, presently exist in some of Greenland's fjords (Rignot & Kanagaratnam 2006), on Severnaya Zemlya (Williams & Dowdeswell 2001) and along the northern coast of Ellesmere Island (Jeffries 1992; Williams & Ferrigno 2012). Existing ice shelves around the Arctic Ocean are primarily formed through accretion of multiyear sea ice and gain their mass from snowfall and/or basal freezing. Fig. 1. ( a ) Bathymetric map of the Arctic Ocean and study areas (red boxes, map from IBCAO v. 3.0). Purple line is mean minimum sea-ice extent (September). Pink line is mean maximum sea-ice extent (March). AGT, Amundsen Gulf Trough; AP, Arlis Plateau; BS, Bering Strait; CP, Chukchi Plateau; CR, Chukchi Rise; FS, Fram Strait; HC, Herald Canyon; LR, Lomonosov Ridge; McT, M'Clure Trough; MJR, Morris Jesup Rise; MT, Mackenzie Trough; MR, Mendeleev Ridge; NS, Nares Strait; StT, St Anna Trough; YP, Yermak Plateau. ( b ) Ice-sheet extent during Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (from Ehlers & Gibbard 2004; Svendsen et al. 2004; England et al. 2009). LGM topography is from ICE-5G (Peltier 2004). ( c ) Western section of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago with outlines of the main CSTs (black line) and …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".