Design of a Shipboard Local Load Measurement System to Collect Managed Ice Load Data
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Due to a lack of data, currently (and justifiably) conservative ice load assumptions are made in rig assessments allowing only very small floe sizes to contact non-Polar classed drilling rigs. In September 2015, in cooperation with the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat (SPRS), ExxonMobil and C- CORE participated in the Oden Arctic Technology Research Cruise. A distinguishing aspect of this Cruise was: (a) performing ice management trials using two icebreakers, the Oden and the Frej; and (b) instrumenting the Frej, i.e. the secondary icebreaker and therefore collecting first-of-a-kind local ice load data during stationkeeping in managed ice. Unlike all prior data behind code pressure-area curves, which are based on transit in unmanaged ice and ship ramming, the new data are in managed ice field, representing true pressures and forces on a drilling or production vessel in a stationkeeping mode (moored, dynamically positioned (DP) or DP assist). This paper describes the design, installation and calibration of the Frej load measurement system. The system consists of an array of over 160 strain gauges installed over three panels on the bow and shoulder of the vessel. Prior to sailing, physical calibrations were performed as quality checks of the gauge installation and to benchmark finite element (FE) models used afterwards to convert measured strains into hull local ice pressures. More than 260 hours of local ice load data were collected throughout the program including measurements while stationkeeping in managed ice conditions in addition to actively managing ice and transit. The system remained operational through the entire field program without loss or damage to a single strain gauge. The data collected can contribute toward demonstrating the ability of existing rigs to resist some degree of managed ice, and hence can open the possibility for drilling season extension beyond open water, which can have a significant economic impact on arctic drilling. The resulting pressure-area curves will be the subject of a follow-up publication.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it