Binding Affinity of Inorganic Mercury and Cadmium to Biomimetic Erythrocyte Membranes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inorganic mercury and cadmium are becoming increasingly prevalent due to industrial activity and have been linked to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The binding affinity of Hg, Cd, and their mixtures to biomimetic erythrocyte membranes was investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry in physiologically relevant media (100 mM NaCl, pH 7.4, 37 °C). The thermodynamic parameters were not expressed per mole of lipid but as metals binding to liposomes. To our knowledge, this method is novel and provides a more intuitive approach to understand such interactions. The results demonstrated that Hg interacted with membranes in the following order: PC (phosphatidylcholine) > 85:15 PC/PE (phosphatidylethanolamine) > 85:15 PC/PS (phosphatidylserine), with the binding constants ranging from 10 to 233 M –1 . In contrast, Cd interacted most readily with negatively charged PC/PS membranes but not with the remaining systems. Metal mixtures bind less to PC/PE membranes than the individual constituents. The large entropy contribution from these interactions suggests possible water release and/or reorganization upon Hg and Cd binding to membranes. ζ-Potential data indicate that the process may be electrostatically driven. It is imperative to consider the chemical speciation of these metals in the presence of chloride to better understand metal–lipid interactions and their impact on biomembranes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".