Factor XIII Val34Leu Polymorphism and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Genetic factors involving blood coagulation are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. A common polymorphism of Factor XIII, Factor XIII Val34Leu, may be protective against developing an acute myocardial infarction, but various studies show conflicting results. We performed a meta-analysis to determine whether the Factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism is associated with a decreased risk of myocardial infarction. 93 articles were reviewed after a MEDLINE search of the literature (1966 through April Week 1 2005) and 12 case-control studies were selected. We included studies involving patients with objectively diagnosed myocardial infarctions (according to the WHO criteria) provided Factor XIII genotyping data were available. Inclusion decisions, quality assessment and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was verified in all studies. Hypothesizing that the Leu allele was protective we performed 3 analyses with the Val/Val genotype as the reference group. Pooled odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were determined using the method of DerSimonian-Laird. Prior to pooling, heterogenity testing was performed using the I2 statistic. Funnel plots ruled out the possibility of publication bias. These studies included a total of 8743 patients, of which 3663 were MI patients and 5080 were healthy controls. Using the random effects methods, protective effects were seen with the Leu/Val genotype alone (OR for MI 0.79, 95% CI 0.68–0.93) and with Leu/Val and Leu/Leu genotypes (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68–0.93). There was also a protective effect with the Leu/Leu genotype alone, but this was not statistically significant (0.83, 95% CI 0.61–1.12) likley due to the low frequency of this genotype. Removing the first published study (Kohler 1998) due to potential publication bias assocaited with the first study evaluating a genotype did not significantly change the results. Our analysis found that the Factor XIII Leu allele confers a small but significant protective effect against myocardial infarction. The polymorphism may be useful in profiling an individual’s susceptibility for arterial thrombosis. It remains to be elucidated whether or not routine testing for the FXIII Val34Leu polymorphism will be clinically relevant.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.012 | 0.041 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".