Influence of species and hybrid status on induction of somatic embryogenesis in <i>Castanea</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The American chestnut (AC; Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) once dominated the forests of eastern North America prior to the introduction of chestnut blight in the late 19th century. A somatic embryogenesis (SE) system developed for American chestnut is potentially applicable for clonally propagating blight-resistant trees produced by The American Chestnut Foundation’s hybrid backcross breeding program. In this program, AC trees are hybridized with blight-resistant Chinese chestnut (CC; Castanea mollissima Blume) trees, followed by multiple generations of backcrossing to AC trees. It is possible, however, that the proportion of CC parental contribution in the hybrid backcross material could affect the success of SE using the AC protocol. Over three years of culture initiations, we tested the effects of the relative parental contributions of AC and CC on the success of SE induction using our standard AC culture initiation protocol and, subsequently, a published protocol for SE in European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.). With our standard AC protocol, open-pollinated AC and open- and control-pollinated hybrid backcross BC3F3 seed explants, as well as open-pollinated BC2 seed explants, successfully produced embryogenic tissue, while CC, F1, and BC1 explants did not. The European chestnut protocol produced Chinese chestnut embryogenic tissue and, subsequently, somatic embryos. The first BC3F3 somatic seedlings are currently growing in field tests.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".