Reduced Erythrocyte Survival in Uremic Patients Under Hemodialysis or Peritoneal Dialysis
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recent observations in end-stage renal disease (ESRD)-patients on hemodialysis revealed that anemia is, in part, due to stimulated suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis leading to accelerated clearance of circulating erythrocytes. The present study explored whether eryptosis is similarly enhanced in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). METHODS: Measurements were made in freshly drawn erythrocytes from healthy volunteers (n=38), and ESRD patients on hemodialysis (HD; n=18) or on PD (n=22). Both, HD patients and PD patients suffered from anemia despite increased reticulocyte numbers. RESULTS: The percentage of phosphatidylserine-exposing erythrocytes was significantly higher in HD patients than in healthy volunteers and significantly higher in PD patients than in healthy volunteers and HD patients. In PD patients, the percentage of phosphatidylserine-exposing erythrocytes was positively correlated with dialysis volume. The increase in phosphatidylserine exposure was in both, HD and PD patients, paralleled by increase of reactive oxygen species and ceramide abundance. In both, HD and PD patients, a positive correlation was observed between the percentage of phosphatidylserine-exposing erythrocytes and both, erythropoietin dosage and the percentage of reticulocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to HD patients, PD patients suffer from enhanced eryptosis, which is paralleled by oxidative stress and enhanced ceramide abundance contributing to the anemia of uremic patients.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it