Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this review is to better understand the motives of individuals diagnosed with clinical schizophrenia who indicate that they want time alone. Is wanting solitude best understood as a form of escape, a form of quest, or something altogether more complicated?Method: This narrative review of the literature began by inputting the following terms: solitude or isolation or withdrawal or anxiety or anhedonia + schizophrenia into the multidisciplinary Google Scholar database. Fifty-five of the 82 papers found were then selected for citation on the basis of their ability to answer the questions of interest.Results: I found important differences between chosen and imposed solitude. Solitude can be self-imposed by social anxiety or anhedonia and can constitute a risk to health, but it can also reap benefits such as recovery of a sense of self, renewed harmony with nature, escape from sensory overload, stimulation of creativity, or awakening to spirituality.Conclusion: The following recommendations can now be made to family members and clinicians: when individuals who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia seek solitude, first ensure their safety, then address their social anxiety, help to expand their social networks, and provide them with opportunities for positive withdrawal.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".