Injectable Corticosteroids: Take Precautions and Use Caution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Corticosteroids are routinely injected into soft tissues, tendon sheaths, bursae, and joints. These anti-inflammatory agents have different potency and solubility, and solubility is inversely correlated with the duration of action. Corticosteroids carry a low risk of complications but commonly cause systemic and local adverse effects. The use of intra-articular corticosteroid injections in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis and osteoarthritis is well established. Evidence also supports the use of injectable corticosteroids in the treatment of inflammatory tenosynovitis and bursitis associated with rheumatic diseases, trigger finger and de Quervain disease, and carpal tunnel syndrome. The role of corticosteroid injections in the management of rotator cuff disease remains unclear. Strong scientific evidence indicates that corticosteroid injections for lateral epicondylosis worsen the long-term outcomes of patients. This review article discusses the considerations related to the use of corticosteroid injections in the management of nonspinal musculoskeletal conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".