Experimental investigation on the accuracy of plastic scintillators and of the spectrum discrimination method in small photon fields
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the accuracy of output factor measurements using a commercial (Exradin W1, SI ) and a prototype, “in‐house” developed, plastic scintillation dosimeter ( PSD ) in small photon fields. Methods Repetitive detector‐specific output factor OF det measurements were performed in water (parallel to the CAX ) using two W1 PSD s ( SI ), a PTW microLion, a PTW microDiamond and an unshielded diode D1V ( SI ) to which Monte Carlo calculated corrections factors were applied. Four sets of repetitive measurements were performed with the W1 PSD positioned parallel and perpendicular to the CAX , each set on a different day, and with analytically calculated volume averaging corrections applied. The W1 OF det measurements were compared to measurements using an “in‐house” developed PSD in water ( CHUQ ) and both were validated against a previously commissioned Monte Carlo beam model in small photon fields. The performance of the spectrum discrimination calibration procedure was evaluated under different fiber orientations and wavelength threshold choices and the impact on the respective OF det was reported. Results For all detectors in the study an excellent agreement was observed down to a field size of 1 × 1 cm 2 . For the smallest field size of 0.5 × 0.5 cm 2 , the W1 PSD s presented OF det readings higher by 3.8 to 5.0% relative to the mean corrected OF det of the rest of the detectors and by 5.8 to 6.1% relative to the CHUQ PSD . The repetitive W1 OF det measurements in water (parallel CAX ) were higher by 3.9% relative to the OF det measurements in Solid Water TM (perpendicular CAX ) even after volume averaging corrections were applied, indicating a potential fiber orientation dependency in small fields. Uncertainties in jaw and detector repositioning as well as source variations with time were estimated to be less than 0.9% (1 σ ) for the W1 under both orientations. The CHUQ PSD agreed with the MC dose calculations in water, for the smallest field size, within 1.1–1.7% before any corrections and within 0.3–0.8% after volume averaging corrections. The spectrum discrimination method provided reproducible Cherenkov spectra under the different calibration set‐ups with noisier spectra extracted if the calibration is performed in water and parallel to the CAX . The impact of fiber orientation and wavelength threshold during calibration on OF det was in general minimal. Conclusions Clinically relevant differences were observed between similar scintillator dosimeters in photon fields smaller than 1 × 1 cm 2 . Further research on PSD s is needed that can explain the origin of these differences especially related to the Cherenkov spectrum dependencies on the optical fiber technical characteristics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".