CONVECTIVE BOILING WITH ELECTROHYDRODYNAMIC ENHANCEMENT: THE INFLUENCE OF INLET QUALITY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work investigates the influence of alternating current electric fields on the flow patterns, associated heat transfer, and power penalty during convective boiling of HFE7000. A single-pass counter-flow heat exchanger is employed, whereby heated water flowing in the shell side transfers heat to the two-phase HFE7000 fluid flowing within the tube side. In a novel design feature, optical transparency is achieved by using a sapphire central tube surrounded by a Perspex water jacket containing the heated water. A stainless steel rod running concentrically through the tube acts as an electrode while the outer surface of the sapphire tube is coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide forming an electrically conductive and optically transparent ground to establish an electric field across the working fluid. This unique test setup facilitates visualization of the flow patterns caused by the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) forces and allows high-speed videography of the HFE7000 while boiling. Tests were performed at a low mass flux (100 kg/m2s) and fixed average heat flux (12 kW/m2)for inlet qualities of 2%, 15%, 30%, and 45% and applied voltages of V = 0, 4, and 8 kV. The results show that the average heat transfer coefficient improves with applied voltage over the entire range of qualities tested. However, as inlet quality increases the heat transfer enhancement tends to decrease, as does the electrical power required for EHD (EHD penalty). Conversely, pumping losses were seen to increase as inlet quality increases.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".