Abstract B47: Nanoliposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) is an active treatment and reduces hypoxia as measured through longitudinal imaging using [18F]FAZA-PET in an orthotopic patient-derived model of pancreatic cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Tumor hypoxia has been strongly linked to aggressive disease progression and resistance to therapy, especially in pancreatic cancer where the desmoplastic reaction is thought to also interfere with deposition of both small molecule drugs and nanotherapeutics. [18F]fluoroazomycin arabinoside (FAZA) is a radioactive tracer that allows for non-invasive quantification of tumor hypoxia during treatment by positron emission tomography (PET). We have previously shown that in the HT-29 cell-line derived xenograft model of colorectal cancer, nanoliposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) achieves improved tumor growth control and is able to maintain a significantly lower level of tumor hypoxia as compared to non-liposomal irinotecan. Here, we evaluate the effects of nal-IRI on the kinetics and magnitude of hypoxia changes in an orthotopic patient-derived tumorgraft model of a pancreatic cancer (OCIP51) that is highly hypoxic. Experimental Procedures: Tumor growth of orthotopically implanted OCIP51 tumors was monitored using magnetic resonance imaging. Longitudinal FAZA-PET imaging of tumor hypoxia changes was performed over a 21-day period following weekly administration of nal-IRI at 20 mg/kg (n = 10) and compared to untreated controls (n = 5). Mean tumor FAZA uptake (%ID/g) and hypoxic fractions were calculated. In addition [18F]-fluorothymidine (FLT-) PET was conducted before treatment initiation and after the 3rd dosing cycle to assess tumor cell proliferation. Tumor levels of irinotecan and its active metabolite SN-38 were evaluated using an HPLC method in samples harvested 24 h after the last administration of nal-IRI and in a separate pharmacodynamic study component (n = 10) at 24 h and 72 h after administration of a single dose of nal-IRI at 10 mg/kg. Nal-IRI induced DNA damage was assessed using γH2AX immunohistochemistry. Results: nal-IRI treatment resulted in tumor growth inhibition of 71.6% compared to controls at study end. Tumor growth control was observable at Day 5 post treatment initiation. FAZA uptake in treated tumors decreased by 36% within the first treatment cycle, while average FAZA levels in control tumors remained unchanged during this period. Nal-IRI treatment resulted in statistically significant decreases in the FLTmax and FLTmean values compared to pre-treatment values. 100% of nal-IRI treated mice survived to study end compared to only 40% of controls. Tumor weights at study end were almost 4 times smaller in nal-IRI-treated mice compared to the controls. Tumors from treated mice were fluid-filled and showed extensive blood pooling, while tumors from untreated mice appeared to be much less vascularized. Irinotecan levels detected in the OCIP51 tumors were 8 times lower at 72 h after nal-IRI administration, while SN-38 levels were ~28 times lower when compared to previous findings in HT-29 tumors. Treatment with nal-IRI in the OCIP51 tumors significantly increased the frequency and intensity of γH2AX staining across tumor cell areas compared to that observed in the untreated tumors, which were characterized by only a scattered and sporadic γH2AX staining. Importantly, the stromal areas did not show γH2AX staining in either the treated or the control group. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the feasibility of performing longitudinal tumor hypoxia and proliferation assessments using FAZA- and FLT-PET imaging in a highly hypoxic orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer. Although this model showed reduced levels of liposomal drug deposition compared to cell-line derived xenograft models, treatment with nal-IRI led to effective tumor growth control, as well as significant changes in the tumor microenvironment as measured by reduced hypoxia levels compared to baseline and control tumors. Results from this study support the utility of FAZA-PET for evaluation of tumor hypoxia after anti-cancer therapy with nal-IRI as a means to provide early assessment of treatment activity. Citation Format: Stephan Klinz, Jinzi Zheng, Raquel De Souza, Manuela Ventura, Nancy Paz, David Hedley, David Jaffray, Jonathan Fitzgerald.{Authors}. Nanoliposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) is an active treatment and reduces hypoxia as measured through longitudinal imaging using [18F]FAZA-PET in an orthotopic patient-derived model of pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2016 May 12-15; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(24 Suppl):Abstract nr B47.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".